--- title: Bankruptcy Glossary of Terms description: Bankruptcy Glossary of Terms image: https://info.carringtonmortgage.com/hubfs/CMS%20Knowledge%20Base/ThinkstockPhotos-465330308.jpeg --- [Skip to content](https://info.carringtonmortgage.com/information-center/bankruptcy-glossary-of-terms#main-content) ![bell icon](https://info.carringtonmortgage.com/hubfs/raw_assets/public/Templates/2022/svg/Alert-Notifications-Icon.svg) [![Carrington Mortgage Services](https://info.carringtonmortgage.com/hs-fs/hubfs/carrington_logo_final_2col_rgb.png?width=250&height=57&name=carrington_logo_final_2col_rgb.png)](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com) - [About Us](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/our-mission) - [Careers](https://www.carringtonhc.com/careers) - [Investors](https://www.carringtonhc.com/investors) - [Contact Us](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/contact-us) [Recent Transfer](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/new-customers) [Customer Login](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/login) MAKE HOME WORK Manage My Home arrow-down-anticon/submenu Manage My Mortgage arrow-down-anticon/submenu Learning Center MAKE HOME WORK Manage My Home arrow-down-anticon/submenu - I Am Ready to Start - [Buy a Home](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/home-loans/buy-a-home/check-existing-customer) - [Refinance My Home](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/home-loans/refinance-a-home/refinance-step) - What Loan Is Right For Me? 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A nonexclusive list of adversary proceedings is set forth in Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7001. **Automatic Stay** An injunction that automatically stops lawsuits, foreclosures, garnishments, and all collection activity against the debtor the moment a bankruptcy petition is filed. **Chapter 7** The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for "liquidation,"(i.e., the sale of a debtor's nonexempt property and the distribution of the proceeds to creditors.) **Chapter 11** The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing (generally) for reorganization, usually involving a corporation or partnership. (A chapter 11 debtor usually proposes a plan of reorganization to keep its business alive and pay creditors over time. People in business or individuals can also seek relief in chapter 11.) **Chapter 12** The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for adjustment of debts of a "family farmer," or a "family fisherman" as those terms are defined in the Bankruptcy Code. **Chapter 13** The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for adjustment of debts of an individual with regular income. (Chapter 13 allows a debtor to keep property and pay debts over time, usually three to five years.) **Confirmation** Bankruptcy judge’s approval of a plan of reorganization or liquidation in chapter 11, or payment plan in chapter 12 or 13. **Discharge** A release of a debtor from personal liability for certain dischargeable debts set forth in the Bankruptcy Code. (A discharge releases a debtor from personal liability for certain debts known as dischargeable debts and prevents the creditors owed those debts from taking any action against the debtor to collect the debts. The discharge also prohibits creditors from communicating with the debtor regarding the debt discharged in the bankruptcy, not necessarily the entire debt amount.  This also prohibits telephone calls, letters, and personal contact on the discharged debt amount. **Disclosure Statement** A written document prepared by the chapter 11 debtor or other plan proponent that is designed to provide "adequate information" to creditors to enable them to evaluate the chapter 11 plan of reorganization. **Proof of Claim** A written statement and verifying documentation filed by a creditor that describes the reason the debtor owes the creditor money. (There is an official form for this purpose.) **Reaffirmation Agreement** An agreement by a chapter 7 debtor to continue paying a dischargeable debt (such as an auto loan) after the bankruptcy, usually for the purpose of keeping collateral (i.e. the car) that would otherwise be subject to repossession. **341 Meeting** The meeting of creditors required by section 341 of the Bankruptcy Code at which the debtor is questioned under oath by creditors, a trustee, examiner, or the U.S. trustee about his/her financial affairs. Also called creditors' meeting. **Trustee** The representative of the bankruptcy estate who exercises statutory powers, principally for the benefit of the unsecured creditors, under the general supervision of the court and the direct supervision of the U.S. trustee or bankruptcy administrator. The trustee is a private individual or corporation appointed in all chapter 7, chapter 12, and chapter 13 cases and some chapter 11 cases. The trustee's responsibilities include reviewing the debtor's petition and schedules and bringing actions against creditors or the debtor to recover property of the bankruptcy estate. In chapter 7, the trustee liquidates property of the estate, and makes distributions to creditors. Trustees in chapter 12 and 13 have similar duties to a chapter 7 trustee and the additional responsibilities of overseeing the debtor's plan, receiving payments from debtors, and disbursing plan payments to creditors. ## Mortgage & Lending Services - [Buy a Home](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/home-loans/buy-a-home) - [Refinance a Home](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/home-loans/refinance-a-home) - [Mortgage Calculators](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/tools/calculators) - [The Loan Process](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/tools/loan-process) - [Find an Expert](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/find-an-expert) - [Home Builders](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/Partner-with-Us/home-builders) - [Real Estate Agents](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/Partner-with-Us/real-estate-agents) ## Terms - [Privacy Policy](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/legal/privacy-policy) - [California Consumer Privacy Act Notice](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/legal/ccpa-notice) - [State Licensing](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/legal/state-licensing) - [Terms and Conditions](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/legal/terms-conditions) - [Best Practices](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/legal/best-practices) - [Fair Lending Statement / HMDA Notice](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/legal/fair-lending-statement) - [Consumer Fraud Alert](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/legal/consumer-fraud-alert) - [Equal Opportunities](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/legal/Equal-opportunities) ## Manage Your Mortgage - [Payment Options](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/payment-options) - [Mortgage Assistance](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/mortgage-assistance) - [Disaster Assistance](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/disaster-assistance) - [Scheduling Servicing Fee](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/schedule-of-fees) - [Payoff Statements](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/payoff-statements) ## Contact Us - Current Customers ## About Us - [Our Mission](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/our-mission) - [Foundation](https://www.carringtoncf.org) - [Holding Company](https://www.carringtonhc.com) - [Accessibility](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/accessibility) - [Press and Media](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/pressandmedia) - [Contact us](https://www.carringtonmortgage.com/contact-us) ## Get the App [![](https://info.carringtonmortgage.com/hs-fs/hubfs/raw_assets/public/Templates/2022/svg/Carrington-mobile-apple.jpg?width=135&height=42&name=Carrington-mobile-apple.jpg)](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/carrington-mobile/id1673471360) [![](https://info.carringtonmortgage.com/hs-fs/hubfs/raw_assets/public/Templates/2022/svg/White-Google-1.jpg?width=135&height=42&name=White-Google-1.jpg)](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.carringtonms.CMSMobile2&pli=1) [Icon-Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/CarringtonHomeLoans/) [Icon-Twitter](https://twitter.com/CarringtonMS) [Icon-Linkedin](https://www.linkedin.com/company/carrington-mortgage-services-llc) [Icon-Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/carringtonmortgage/) Icon-EHO Consumer Access NMLS ID #2600 | Copyright 2026 Carrington Mortgage Services, LLC. 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